Python Expressions – FocusVision

1: Overview

Be sure to read about Python syntax before diving into this document.

All survey objects (i.e. elements with a label) have numerous variables and attributes that are accessible anywhere Python code can be written. Using the dot operator (e.g. question.attribute), you can get or set values for these objects within <exec> and <virtual> elements, or inside the cond attribute.

For example:

<radio label="Q1" optional="0">
  <title>Please select one:</title>
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
  <row label="r4">Item 4</row>
</radio>
<suspend/>

<exec>
print Q1
print Q1.label
print Q1.title

print Q1.val

print Q1.selected
print Q1.selected.label
print Q1.selected.index
print Q1.selected.text

print Q1.r2
print Q1.r2.label
print Q1.r2.index
print Q1.r2.text
</exec>
<html label="Q1_REPORT" where="survey" cond="Q1.val != None">
  <p>You selected [pipe: Q1]</p>
  <p>You selected ${Q1.selected.text}</p>
  <p>You selected ${Q1.rows[Q1.val].text}</p>
</html>

The print command will only be seen by those who are logged in.

The code above generates the following results when "r2" is selected:

In this document, we'll cover the various methods available to your for two different kinds of survey objects: question objects and cell objects.

A question object is the base class for any survey element that collects data (e.g. <radio>, <select>, <checkbox>, <number>, <float>, <text> and <textarea>). A cell object is a child of the question object (e.g. <row>, <col> and <choice>).

2: Question Variables & Attributes

The following variables and attributes can be accessed for any question object using the dot operator. For example:

QUESTION_LABEL.ATTRIBUTE

2.1: label

The label attribute returns the question's label.

Q10.label
# returns "Q10"

2.2: attr

The attr attribute returns the specified attribute.

Q10.attr('r1')
# equivalent to Q10.r1

Q10.attr('r1').label
# returns "r1"

Q10.attr('label')
# returns "Q10"

2.3: selected

The selected attribute returns the selected <row> or <col> element in a 1D radio question, or None if no selection was made.

Q10.selected
# returns True if selection exists, else None

Q10.selected.label
# returns "r2" if Q10.r2 was selected

Q10.selected.index
# returns 0 if first row selected at Q10

Q10.selected
# equivalent to Q10.rows[Q10.val] if rows only exist
# equivalent to Q10.cols[Q10.val] if cols only exist

2.4: map

The map attribute remaps question values.

Q10.map(r1=5, r2=10, r3=15, r4=20)
# returns 15 if "r3" selected at Q10

Q11.val = Q10.map(c1=1, c2=3, c3=5, c4=7)
# equivalent to:
# Q11.val = 1 if Q10.c1 else 3 if Q10.c2 else 5 if Q10.c3 else 7 if Q10.c4

2.5: row, col, choice label

Access a question's child element (e.g. row, col, choice) using the child's label.

<radio label="Q10" title="Select one for each:">
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
  <col label="c1">Brand 1</col>
  <col label="c2">Brand 2</col>
  <col label="c3">Brand 3</col>
</radio>
<suspend/>

<exec>
print "Q10.r1:", Q10.r1
print "Q10.r2:", Q10.r2
print "Q10.r3:", Q10.r3
print "Q10.c1:", Q10.c1
print "Q10.c2:", Q10.c2
print "Q10.c3:", Q10.c3
print "Q10.r1.c1:", Q10.r1.c1
print "Q10.r1.c2:", Q10.r1.c2
print "Q10.c1.r1:", Q10.c1.r1
print "Q10.c2.r1:", Q10.c2.r1
</exec>

Given the following selections to Q10:

These results are printed on the following screen:

The results would look different if the question's grouping was by "cols" instead of "rows".

2.6: disabled

The disabled attribute can be set to True to hide a question element.

Questions are normally hidden using the cond attribute.
Learn more: Adding Condition/Skip Logic

<exec>
Q10.disabled = True
</exec>

<text label="Q9"  title="Please enter some text:" />
<text label="Q10" title="Please enter some text:" />
<text label="Q11" title="Please enter some text:" />

The code above produces the following result:

In secure surveys, the disabled attribute will only work when set by row or column; it cannot be applied by question.

2.7: rows

The rows attribute returns a list containing the question's row objects. This is extremely useful for looping over a question's response items.

<text label="Q10" title="Example Question">
  <exec>
for eachRow in Q10.rows:
    eachRow.val = eachRow.text

print [r.label for r in Q10.rows]
  </exec>
  <row label="r1">Row 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Row 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Row 3</row>
  <row label="r4">Row 4</row>
</text>

The code above produces the following result:

2.8: cols

The cols attribute returns a list containing the question's col objects. This is extremely useful for looping over a question's response items.

<text label="Q10" title="What time is it?" optional="0">
  <col label="c1">Hour</col>
  <col label="c2">Minute</col>
  <col label="c3">Second</col>
</text>
<suspend/>

<text label="vQ10" title="HIDDEN: Time Entered" where="execute">
  <exec>vQ10.val = ":".join([col.val for col in Q10.cols])</exec>
</text>

The code above produces the following result:

2.9: choices

The choices attribute returns a list containing the question's choice objects. This is extremely useful for looping over a question's response items.

<select label="Q10" title="Please rate these items:" type="rating" values="order">
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
  <choice label="ch1">1 - Bad</choice>
  <choice label="ch2">2</choice>
  <choice label="ch3">3</choice>
  <choice label="ch4">4</choice>
  <choice label="ch5">5 - Good</choice>
</select>
<suspend/>

<exec>
for eachRow in vQ10.rows:
    for eachChoice in Q10.choices:
        if Q10[eachRow].val == eachChoice.index:
            eachRow.val = eachChoice.index
            break

# ^ is equivalent to
# for eachRow in vQ10.rows:
#     eachRow.val = Q10[eachRow].val
</exec>
<radio label="vQ10" onLoad="copy('Q10', rows=True)" where="execute">
  <title>HIDDEN: Answers provided at Q10</title>
  <col label="c1">1 - Bad</col>
  <col label="c2">2</col>
  <col label="c3">3</col>
  <col label="c4">4</col>
  <col label="c5">5 - Good</col>
</radio>

The code above produces the following result:

2.10: title

The title attribute returns the question's title.

<exec>
print Q10.title
Q10.title = "Please select many:"
print Q10.title
</exec>

<checkbox label="Q10" atleast="1">
  <title>Please select at least 1:</title>
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
  <row label="r4">Item 4</row>
</checkbox>

The code above produces the following result:

2.11: val

The val attribute returns a question's value, or None if no value exists. Use the val attribute to set a question's value, too.

This attribute can only be used on questions that have a single value.

Use the ival attribute for number/float questions to return 0 instead of None.

<radio label="Q1" title="Please select one:">
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
</radio>

<radio label="Q2" title="Please select one:">
  <col label="c1">Item 1</col>
  <col label="c2">Item 2</col>
  <col label="c3">Item 3</col>
</radio>

<number label="Q3" size="3" title="Enter a number:"/>

<text label="Q4" title="Enter some text:"/>
<suspend/>

<exec>
print Q1.val
print Q2.val
print Q3.val
print Q4.val
</exec>

The code above produces the following result:

2.12: unsafe_val

The unsafe_val attribute is used to prevent alpha-numeric characters from being converted to html codes.

<text 
  label="Q1">
  <title>Enter some text:</title>
</text>

<exec>
print Q1.val
print Q1.unsafe_val    
</exec>

The code above produces the following result:

Make sure you never output the original text into HTML through any means.

Learn more: Secure Surveys Overview

2.13: ival

The ival attribute is similar to the val attribute except that it returns 0 instead of None when no answer was provided.

The ival attribute is best applied to <number> and <float> questions.
(e.g. Q1.ival + Q2.ival calculations work even if Q1 and Q2 were skipped)

<number label="Q10" size="3" optional="1">
  <title>Skip "r1" and answer "r2":</title>
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
</number>
<suspend/>

<exec>
print Q10.r1.val
print Q10.r1.ival
print Q10.r2.val
print Q10.r2.ival
</exec>

The code above produces the following result:

2.14: atmost, atleast, exactly, points, amount

The atmost, atleast and exactly attributes apply to <checkbox> question types. The points and amount attributes apply to <number> question types.

You can set these attributes dynamically for each respondent.

<exec>Q10.exactly = 2</exec>
<checkbox label="Q10" atleast="1" title="Please select all that apply:">
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
  <row label="r4">Item 4</row>
</checkbox>
<suspend/>

<exec>Q11.amount = Q10.count</exec>
<number label="Q11" size="1" amount="4" onLoad="copy('Q10', rows=True)" rowCond="Q10[row]">
  <title>Please allocate ${Q10.count} points to the following items:</title>
</number>

The code above generates the following results:

Errors shown for demonstration purposes.

2.15: _q

The _q attribute is very special. Use this attribute to access the question object directly for doing advanced tasks.

NEVER EVER use _q to set or modify anything. This should only be used for read-only tasks.

print Q10._q.optional

HINT: print dir(Q10._q)

This attribute is not supported in SECURE surveys. For SECURE surveys use the o attribute.

2.16: o

The o attribute is very special. Use this attribute to access the question object directly for doing advanced tasks.

NEVER EVER use o to set or modify anything. This should only be used for read-only tasks.

print Q10.o.optional

2.17: displayed

The displayed attribute returns True if the question is going to be displayed in the survey (e.g. it's not disabled and its cond="..." is True).

<exec>
print Q10_1.displayed
print Q10_2.displayed
</exec>

<text label="Q10_1" title="Enter some text:" cond="1" />
<text label="Q10_2" title="Enter some text:" cond="0" />

The code above produces the following result:

3: Cell Variables & Attributes

The following variables and attributes can be accessed for any cell object using the dot operator. For example:

CELL_LABEL.ATTRIBUTE

3.1: label

The label attribute returns the cell's label.

Q10.r1.label
# returns "r1"

Q10.rows[0].label
# returns "r1"

Q10.c1.label
# returns "c1"

Q10.cols[0].label
# returns "c1"

Q10.r1.c1.label
# returns "c1"

3.2: index

The index attribute returns the cell's index.

Q10.r1.index
# returns 0

Q10.rows[2].index
# returns 2

Q10.val = Q10.r1.index
# sets Q10 val to r1's index

3.3: text

The text attribute returns the cell's text/title.

<radio label="Q10" title="Please select one:">
  <row label="r1">Row 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Thing 3</row>
</radio>

<exec>
print Q10.r1.text # prints "Row 1"
print Q10.r2.text # prints "Item 2"
print Q10.r3.text # prints "Thing 3"
</exec>

3.4: map

The map attribute remaps cell values.

Q10.r1.map(c1=5, c2=10, c3=15, c4=20)
# returns 15 if "Q10.r1.c3" selected at Q10

Q11.val = Q10.c1.map(r1=1, r2=3, r3=5, r4=7)
# equivalent to:
# Q11.val = 1 if Q10.c1.r1 else 3 if Q10.c1.r2 else 5 if Q10.c1.r3 else 7 if Q10.c1.r4

3.5: row, col, choice label

You can further refine the cell you're targeting by specifying an additional cell label. This only applies if you have a 2D question (e.g. rows and cols, rows and choices, or cols and choices).

Q10.r1.c1.label   # returns "c1"
Q10.r3.c2.index   # returns "1"
Q10.r5.c3.val     # returns a specific value
Q10.r7.c4.val = 1 # sets the value to 1

3.6: disabled

The disabled attribute can be set to True to hide a cell element.

Cells are normally hidden using the cond or rowCond/colCond/choiceCond attributes.
Learn more: Adding Condition/Skip Logic

<exec>
Q10.r2.disabled = True
Q10.c2.disabled = True
</exec>
<checkbox label="Q10" atleast="1">
  <title>Please select all that apply:</title>
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
  <col label="c1">Brand 1</col>
  <col label="c2">Brand 2</col>
  <col label="c3">Brand 3</col>
</checkbox>

The code above produces the following result:

3.7: inrange

The inrange attribute is a function that returns True if the cell's value is within the range provided (inclusively).

<radio label="Q10_1" title="Please select one:">
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <col label="c1">Brand 1</col>
  <col label="c2">Brand 2</col>
  <col label="c3">Brand 3</col>
</radio>

<number label="Q10_2" size="3" title="Please enter a number:"/>
<suspend/>

<exec>
print Q10_1.r1.inrange(1,100)
print Q10_1.r2.inrange(1,100)
print Q10_2.inrange(1,100)
</exec>

The code above produces the following result:

3.8: empty

The empty attribute returns True if the cell's value is None or blank.

<radio label="Q10_1" title="Please select one:">
    <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
    <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
</radio>

<number label="Q10_2" size="2" title="Please enter some numbers:" optional="1">
    <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
    <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
</number>
<suspend/>

<exec>
print Q10_1.r1.empty
print Q10_1.r2.empty
print Q10_2.r1.empty
print Q10_2.r2.empty
</exec>

The code above produces the following result:

3.9: open

The open attribute can set or get the open-ended value for a cell with open="1" set.

<checkbox label="Q10" atleast="1" title="Please select one:">
  <exec>
Q10.r2.open = "Description"
  </exec>
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2" open="1" openSize="25">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3" open="1">Item 3</row>
</checkbox>
<suspend/>

<exec>
print Q10.r2.open
print Q10.r3.open
</exec>

<html label="Q10_Selection" where="survey">
You selected [pipe: Q10]!
</html>

The code above produces the following result:

3.10: unsafe_open

The unsafe_open attribute is used to prevent alpha-numeric characters from being converted to html codes.

<checkbox label="Q10" atleast="1" title="Please select one:">
  <exec>
Q10.r2.open = "Description"
  </exec>
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2" open="1" openSize="25">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3" open="1">Item 3</row>
</checkbox>

<exec>
print Q10.r3.open
print Q10.r3.unsafe_open
</exec>

<html label="Q10_Selection" where="survey">
You selected [pipe: Q10]!
</html>

The code above produces the following result:

Make sure you never output the original text into HTML through any means.

Learn more: Secure Surveys Overview

3.11: displayed

The displayed attribute returns True if the cell is going to be displayed in the survey (e.g. it's not disabled and its cond="..." is True).

<exec>
print Q10.r1.displayed
print Q10.r2.displayed
print Q10.r3.displayed
</exec>

<radio label="Q10" title="Please select one:">
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2" cond="0">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3" cond="1">Item 3</row>
</radio>

The code above produces the following result:

3.12: val

The val attribute returns a cell's value, or None if no value exists. Use the val attribute to set a cell's value, too.

Use the ival attribute for number/float questions to return 0 instead of None.

<exec>Q10_1.r1.val = 1</exec>
<checkbox label="Q10_1" atleast="1">
  <title>Please select all that apply:</title>
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
</checkbox>

<number label="Q10_2" size="3">
  <exec>
# prefill question with value (if exists) or 0
for eachRow in Q10_2.rows:
    eachRow.val = eachRow.ival
  </exec>
  <title>Please enter some numbers:</title>
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
</number>
<suspend/>

<exec>
print Q10_1.r1.val # prints True
print Q10_1.r2.val # prints None
print Q10_2.r1.val # prints 0
print Q10_2.r2.val # prints 0
</exec>

The code above produces the following result:

3.13: ival

The ival attribute is similar to the val attribute except that it returns 0 instead of None when no answer was provided. Do not assign to the ival attribute.

The ival attribute is best applied to <number> and <float> questions.
(e.g. Q1.r1.ival + Q1.r2.ival calculations work even if no answer was provided)

<number label="Q10" size="3" ss:postText="%" verify="range(0, 100)" amount="100">
  <title>What percentage of your time is spent...</title>
  <exec>
# prefill with value or 0s
# upon error, previous value will still remain
for eachRow in Q10.rows:
    eachRow.val = eachRow.ival
  </exec>
  <comment>Total must add up to 100%.</comment>
  <row label="r1">Living</row>
  <row label="r2">Working</row>
</number>

The code above produces the following result:

3.14: group

The group attribute returns the cell's primary (first) group.

<exec>
print Q10.r1.group       # prints group object
print Q10.r1.group.label # prints "g1"
print Q10.r2.group.label # prints "g2"
print Q10.r2.group.text  # prints "Group 2"
</exec>
<radio label="Q10" title="Please select one:">
  <group label="g1">Group 1</group>
  <group label="g2">Group 2</group>
  <group label="g3">Group 3</group>
  <row label="r1" groups="g1">Row 1</row>
  <row label="r2" groups="g2">Row 2</row>
  <row label="r3" groups="g3">Row 3</row>
  <row label="r4" groups="g3">Row 4</row>
</radio>

The code above produces the following result:

3.15: value

The value attribute returns the cell's data file value.

<exec>
print Q10.c5.value # prints 5
print Q10.c4.value # prints 4
print Q10.c3.value # prints 3

print Q11.r1.value # prints 2
print Q11.r2.value # prints 4
print Q11.r3.value # prints 6
print Q11.r4.value # prints 8

print Q12.r1.value # prints 9001
</exec>
<radio label="Q10" type="rating" values="order" ratingDirection="reverse">
  <title>Please rate your experience:</title>
  <col label="c1">1 - Bad</col>
  <col label="c2">2</col>
  <col label="c3">3</col>
  <col label="c4">4</col>
  <col label="c5">5 - Good</col>
</radio>

<radio label="Q11" title="Please select one:">
  <row label="r1" value="2">Row 1</row>
  <row label="r2" value="4">Row 2</row>
  <row label="r3" value="6">Row 3</row>
  <row label="r4" value="8">Row 4</row>
</radio>

<checkbox label="Q12" title="Yes?">
  <row label="r1" value="9001">Yes</row>
</checkbox>

The code above produces the following result:

4: Logical Operators

Various Python operators and reserved words are discussed in the Python Expressions document. There are 3 boolean logic operators available: or, and and not.

4.1: or

The or operator is a short-circuit operator, so it only evaluates the second argument if the first one is False.

Expression	Result
1 or 1	True
0 or 1	True
1 or 0	True
0 or 0	False

For example:

<radio label="Q10" title="Please select one:">
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
</radio>
<suspend/>

<exec cond="Q10.r1 or Q10.r2">
setMarker('ITEM_1_or_2_SELECTED')
</exec>

4.2: and

The and operator is a short-circuit operator, so it only evaluates the second argument if the first one is True.

Expression	Result
1 and 1	True
0 and 1	False
1 and 0	False
0 and 0	False

For example:

<checkbox label="Q10" atleast="1" title="Please select many:">
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
</checkbox>
<suspend/>

<exec cond="Q10.r1 and Q10.r2">
setMarker('ITEM_1_and_2_SELECTED')
</exec>

4.3: not

The not operator inverses a boolean value.

Expression	Result
not True	False
not False	True
not 1 or 1	False
not 1 and 1	False
(not 1) or 1	True
(not 0) and 1	True

For example:

<radio label="Q10" title="Please select one:">
  <row label="r1">Item 1</row>
  <row label="r2">Item 2</row>
  <row label="r3">Item 3</row>
</radio>
<suspend/>

<exec cond="not Q10.r3">
setMarker('ITEM_1_or_2_SELECTED')
</exec>

5: What's Next?

Learn more:

FocusVision Decipher Support

Articles in this section

1: Overview

2: Question Variables & Attributes

2.1: label

2.2: attr

2.3: selected

2.4: map

2.5: row, col, choice label

2.6: disabled

2.7: rows

2.8: cols

2.9: choices

2.10: title

2.11: val

2.12: unsafe_val

2.13: ival

2.14: atmost, atleast, exactly, points, amount

2.15: _q

2.16: o

2.17: displayed

3: Cell Variables & Attributes

3.1: label

3.2: index

3.3: text

3.4: map

3.5: row, col, choice label

3.6: disabled

3.7: inrange

3.8: empty

3.9: open

3.10: unsafe_open

3.11: displayed

3.12: val

3.13: ival

3.14: group

3.15: value

4: Logical Operators

4.1: or

4.2: and

4.3: not

5: What's Next?